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Ranks of imperial consorts in China
The ranks of imperial consorts have varied over the course of Chinese history but remained important throughout owing to its importance in management of the inner court and in imperial succession, which ranked heirs according to the prominence of their mothers in addition to their strict birth order. Regardless of the age, however, it is common in English translation to simplify these hierarchy into the three ranks of Empress, consorts, and concubines.〔"Empresses and Consorts: Selections from Chen Shou's ''Records of the Three States'' with Pei Songzhi's Commentary". ''China Review International'', Vol. 8, No. 2, Fall 2001, pp. 358363.〕
==Early history==
There exists a class of consorts called ''Ying'' (Chinese: 媵) during early historical times in China. These were people who came along with brides as a form of dowry. It could be the female cousin or sister of the bride, or people from other countries (not necessarily from another race).
Worth noting is the fact that during the Shang Dynasty, there were times where two queens reigned at the same period.
The Rites of Zhou contains great details of an imperial consort ranking system. However, as the ''Rites of Zhou'' is considered by modern scholars to be merely a fictitious constitution for a utopian society, the system listed in that work of literature cannot be taken word for word. Rather, it offers a rough glimpse into the inner harem during the time.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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